Sociology Defining Human Behavior - 948 Words

Sociology: Defining Human Behavior Sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is influenced by social and cultural forces and also, how society and culture are influenced by individual behavior. Providing ways to understand why and how society functions, we ask ourselves how sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is guided by social and cultural forces. First of all, let us look at the meaning of sociology: â€Å"the systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings†. (Merriam-Webster Full Definition of Sociology, n.d.). Knowing this, we can begin to come to an answer about how it helps us to think, feel and act according to the influence of our cultures and the society around us. Gathering information on how we as individuals and groups respond to our cultural beliefs as well as the social world that surrounds us is the job of a sociologist. Society influences both human behavior and attitudes and this differs depending on the groups we are a part of. Take for example the observation made by Ruth Horowitz, a professor of Sociology at the University of Chicago, where she observed a lo wer-class Chicano neighborhood in Chicago. Horowitz discovered how the notion of â€Å"honor† drove young men to depart from the accepted standards. She formulized, â€Å"A real man has honor. An insult is a thread to that honor. Therefore, not to stand up to someone is to be less than a real man.†Show MoreRelatedSociology : Defining Human Behavior961 Words   |  4 PagesSociology: Defining Human Behavior In this paper we will discuss how sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is influenced by social and cultural forces and also, how society and culture are influenced by individual behavior. Sociology provides ways to understand why and how society functions. We ask ourselves how sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is guided by social and cultural forces. First of all, let us look at how sociology is defined. Sociology is definedRead MorePersonnel Management and Organizational Behavior1101 Words   |  5 PagesManagerial Skills: Strategies for Helping Managers In Organizations Personnel Management and Organizational Behavior Dr. Tassos Petrou February 20, 2007 Managerial Skills: Strategies for Helping Managers In Organizations Understanding Organizational Behavior (OB) presents countless challenges for managers in today’s changing society. Confronting these challenges accurately will assist managers in developing suitable environments for employees to execute occupational functionsRead MoreWhat is Psychology?925 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of psychology changed with dealing more with the scientific study of behavior. From about 1970 on, psychology was defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. However, according to nowadays definition of psychology, it could be defined as the study of the behavior and human mind. Factors which influencing our behavior include physical, emotions, thoughts and social. It can help to solve humans’ problems if we have a complete understanding of the above factors. There areRead MoreIs Education An Agent Of Socialization? Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesrole as an agent of socialization on individuals. Using religious studies, I would look into the varying views of different beliefs and their definitions of what education, knowledge, and success should mean to a human being. By collaborating my knowledge in both religious studies and sociology to compare the ultimate purpose and meaning of educational success in regards to both societal standards and religious belief, this research can serve as a step towards improving the issue of adolescent stressRead MoreA Study Of Development, Structure, And Functioning Of Human Society851 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis 1 Sociology. The study of development, structure, and functioning of human society. It is the basis which scientists use to analyses social interactions and behaviors of those around us. For example, when you are watching the news and see a statistic of how a certain people group tends to have a specific pater of thought, this come directly from sociology. In other words, sociology is the means by which we use to understand each other. So far, we have covered many different topics rangingRead MoreKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim And Max Webers Influence On Religion1727 Words   |  7 PagesThree theorists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, are undoubtedly the fathers of modern sociology. â€Å"Nineteenth century Western Europe was pounded by pivotal forces of transformation. Politics, education, religion, communication science, art, and social life were being revolutionized.† (Mohseni 1994;85) Each with distinct views on society and religion, these sociologists are and their t heories are significant especially in the field of society. Just as much as they play a major role in theRead MoreMy Role As A Society860 Words   |  4 Pageswho needed help. Reading the textbook showed me a lot of interesting facts that can either affect people negatively or positively in life. For example, it is known that there are different types of norms and norms are the established standards of behavior maintained by a society (pg. 59). However, not being able to follow these rules can negatively affect them by being looked down on by other people. And another quote that I found really interesting is how culture helps to unify and provide meaningRead MoreUnderstanding The Looking Glass Self1129 Words   |  5 PagesA wise sociologist once said, â€Å"In order to be -- or become -- fully human, humans need a great deal of proficiency at taking account of others and forming relationships with them.† Sociology teaches humans where we connect to different groups as well as classifying them into these groups. These classifications that we are assigned include, economic status level, education, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. By doing so, we p erceive the view of ourselves and others in the world. The Looking Glass-SelfRead MoreDeviance Theory Analysis Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagesas the intentional or accidental violation of the particular behavioral aspects and ways that people are expected to act within a society (Hardy). When an individual breaks the societal rules of conduct, they are said to be involved in deviant behaviors. However, due to the dynamism of the societies, what may be regarded as a deviant act in one society could be regarded as normal within another society. This brings out the issue that deviance may be viewed as relative to both time and location withRead MoreThe Concept Of The Looking Glass Self1423 Words   |  6 PagesSociology 1110 Winter 2015 Assignment 4 – Expository-Explanatory Paper The increase in interest to the problem of communication in sociology actualized questions of understanding the nature of the individual. This determined the weakening of the behaviorist tradition, which is characterized by a nihilistic attitude to the study of psychological processes and the determination of the human life as a manifestation of the externally observable behavior (by analogy with the animal reaction). The interactionist

Everyday Use by Alice Walker A Look at Symbolism and...

Alice Walkers â€Å"Everyday Use†, is a story about a family of African Americans that are faced with moral issues involving what true inheritance is and who deserves it. Two sisters and two hand stitched quilts become the center of focus for this short story. Walker paints for us the most vivid representation through a third person perspective of family values and how people from the same environment and upbringing can become different types of people. Like most peoples families there is a dynamic of people involved, although all from the same environment and teachings, it is ultimately an accumulation of personal experiences that shape us and defines how we perceive our existence. â€Å"Everyday Use† is a story of conflict of right and wrong and†¦show more content†¦Because, the quilts had been made by the grandmother’s hands, the work that went into the quilts is the reason for importance of saving or preserving them as a family heirloom. â€Å"Maggi e†, knows the true value of the quilts, â€Å"Dee† seems to view them as any other common blanket. Alice Walker stated in the story that Maggie felt like the world never learned to tell Dee no. That is a direct reference to the mother never standing up to Dee and asserting her rightful place. The character types in this story would be one dynamic character, one flat, and one static character. The role of the dynamic character in the story is â€Å"Maggie†, the daughter that is described in detail as well as a very in-depth look at her personal psyche. How Walker builds her character in the story starting from meek and sheepish to end up being the justified victor in the end is classic dynamic character definition. The flat character role in the story would have to be â€Å"Dee† the sister that is described just enough to give the reader an idea of who she is and what she is about. The reader is almost biased toward â€Å"Dee† by the end of reading because of the few details they are given to base their ideas from. The central character in Alice Walkers Everyday Use, the beautiful Dee Johnson, breaks away from her Deep Southern American roots to become the heavily educated, urbanized, modernized young woman who despises her cultural setting†.(Ho el) The static character is the narrator orShow MoreRelatedEveryday Use - the Gift of Family945 Words   |  4 PagesThe Gift of Family Everyday Use is a short story that teaches a value lesson of heritage, inheritance, the past, and one’s family. For some the lesson maybe perceived as an illustration to develop the natural instinct of valuing our family and our past as objects of everyday use. However, the lesson that Alice Walker conveys to her readers is to understand that the value of heritage is within the eye of the beholder. WithinRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1721 Words   |  7 PagesIn her short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† Alice Walker summarizes the representation of the beauty, the conflicts and struggles within African-American culture. â€Å"Everyday Use† focuses mainly between members of the Johnson family, consisting of a mother and her two daughters. One of the daughters Maggie, who was injured in a house fire and has living a shy life clinging to her mother for security. Her older sister is Dee, who grew up with a grace and natural beauty. â€Å"Dee is lighter th an Maggie, with nicerRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1111 Words   |  5 Pagestheir culture. Alice Walker highlights and distinguishes the dissimilarities and clichà © of country African American women with the actualities that make up their lives. Characterized by short, compound sentences, with long adjectives and use of literary elements, her style is eloquent conversational and authentic. Alice Walker’s short story, Everyday Use is stylistic, ironic and narrates profound interpretation of unique views and approaches to African-American culture. Walker’s use of characterizationRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker962 Words   |  4 Pages In Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use,† this story describes what a continuing theme in her writings is: the depiction of constant harmony and inner struggles and conflicts that the minority culture goes through especially the African-American society. In Alice Walker Short Story â€Å"Everyday Useà ¢â‚¬  it centers on the relationships between a lower class family by the name of Johnson in a small poor rural community. This meeting takes place when the oldest daughter Dee comes home to visit her motherRead MoreReaction to Everyday Use1455 Words   |  6 PagesReaction to Everyday Use Marion Graham English/125 November 12, 2012 Reaction to Everyday Use Everyday Use is a short story written by Alice Walker about a family of three, Mama, the narrator, Maggie her youngest daughter, and Dee, her eldest daughter. Both daughters are completelyRead MoreEssay on Alice Walkers Everyday Use1144 Words   |  5 Pagesvarious ways. When many people think of heritage they think of past generation and where their family comes from. Other people place their heritage on the value of things, such as old quits that are made from something sentimental. In Everyday Use this is exactly how Maggie thinks of heritage. She wants the quits that were handmade out of her grandma’s dresses because to her that is a sign of her heritage. Alice Walker’s story is based on heritage. The narrator of the story has two daughters who couldRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1192 Words   |  5 PagesAlice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† is a short story included in her collection In Love and Trouble published in 1973. The stor y’s setting takes place in the Deep South during the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s as many â€Å"blacks† were struggling to define their cultural identities (White). Traditions and culture in â€Å"Everyday Use† is portrayed contrastingly between Ms. Johnson and Maggie, who still follow rural black cultural of the south and Dee who has newly adopted a â€Å"native African† culture. An encounterRead MoreDee Versus Maggie: A Struggle For Self-Understanding Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic opportunities many ‘colored people sought ways to escape ‘everyday life and the hardships they often faced. One of these ways came by beginning to express themselves more freely. In addition, as a result, the Harlem Renaissance formed. In Everyday Use, Alice Walker, one of the frontrunners of the Harlem Renaissance, tells the story of an oppressed and under-privileged African American family with differing values on what it means to live, or more imp ortantly, of one who struggles withRead MoreEveryday Use923 Words   |  4 PagesIn her short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† Alice Walker takes up what is a recurrent theme in her work: the representation of the harmony as well as the conflicts and struggles within African-American culture. â€Å"Everyday Use† focuses on an encounter between members of the rural Johnson family. This encounter––which takes place when Dee (the only member of the family to receive a formal education) and her male companion return to visit Dee’s mother and younger sister Maggie––is essentially an encounter betweenRead MoreThe Perception Heritage1016 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Everyday Use†, Alice Walker conveys the story of a mother and her two daughters’ conflicting ideas about their identities and ancestry. Mama is a simple woman that values culture and heritage for its usefulness but also its personal significance. However, her daughter Dee represents a materialistic way of life where culture and heritage are to be valued only for their artistic appeal. Through the use of symbolism and characterization, Walker displays how Mama’s perception of her two daughter

Hotel & Hospitality Management for Hilton Hotel- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHotel Hospitality Management for Hilton Hotel. Answer: Introduction The Hilton Hotel, in Adelaide South Australia is a five star hotel with rooms, suites, dining, fitness and recreation facilities. The rooms are inclusive of guest rooms comprising the Hilton Guest Room, Deluxe Room, and the Deluxe Room Plus. Also, the executive rooms are available. In total, there are three hundred and seventy-four hotel rooms (Www3.hilton.com, 2017). These facilities have a strategic and convenient location in the heart of the city. These, reinforced with supportive staff gives it strength. Moreover, the guests are able to secure many dining destinations, the Central Market, and the Gouger and Chinatown Streets. If one gets a chance to secure the rooms at the buildings front, they will be able to view the Victoria Square. Also, it is a good place for holding social events and meetings. The target business sectors are inclusive of the IT segment, due to the presence of Internet and Wi-Fi facilities. On the other hand, Comfort Inn Manhattan in Adelaide is a 3.5 star a ccommodation coupled with a bar and restaurant located near the major industries, and the best sporting facilities (Inn, 2017). It is found on the northern side of Adelaide, and it is suitable for leisure and business visitors. From Adelaide Convention Centre, it is a fifteen minutes drive, and to the Adelaide Airport, it takes a twenty-five minutes drive. The 40 guestrooms are inclusive of Deluxe twin room, Family Rooms, Deluxe Queen room, and Superior Queen room. General Inform about the Hotels Concerning GDS, both Comfort Inn Manhattan and the Hilton Hotel Adelaide employ it to market their business on the internet. This enables them to span across their geographical boundaries. Hiltons GDS Codes are WorldSpan GDS:HL 05804, Galileo/Apollo GDS:HL 04926, Amadeus GDS:HL ADL215 and the Sabre GDS:HL 009417. Comfort Inn has Galileo/Apollo GDS:CI 08826, Amadeus GDS:CI ADL305, Sabre GDS:CI 047011, and WorldSpan GDS:CI AU305. Hilton has free wired Internet access and Wi-Fi both in the public areas and in the rooms. Similarly, Comfort Inn Manhattan has free Wi-Fi in the barbecue grills, public areas, and the picnic area. Moreover, both hotels enjoy the advantages of phone and online booking. The Hilton Hotel Adelaide has an intermediary; the Hosco, which is a hospitality network. It enables Hilton to get its job applicants for the position like that of the Guest Service Agents (Hosco.com, 2017). These agents work by connecting the guests, the hotel, and the hotel departments. They g ive the guests services from their arrival till they depart. This includes welcoming them, heeding to their inquiries, requests, and complaints. Also, the Comfort Inn Manhattan makes use of intermediaries. For instance, the Wotif online travel company helps it by ensuring it is accessible (Wotif.com, 2017). Recommendation For the purpose of being classy and being within the city, Hilton Adelaide is the choice. This is because, it is a five-star hotel found in the city center. Moreover, it has a wide capacity implying that chances of missing a room are minimal as compared to Comfort Inn Manhattan. However, one can opt for Comfort Inn despite being a 3.5-star hotel to save on costs because most of the services are identical, and the service providers are caring. References Hosco.com. (2017). Guest Service Agent at Hilton Adelaide. [online] Available at: https://www.hosco.com/en/job/hilton-adelaide/guest-service-agent [Accessed 24 May 2017]. Inn, M. (2017). Comfort Inn Manhattan - Enfield - Australia. [online] Manhattanmotorinn.com.au. Available at: https://www.manhattanmotorinn.com.au/ [Accessed 24 May 2017]. Wotif.com. (2017). Comfort Inn Manhattan Deals Reviews (Enfield, Australia) | Wotif. [online] Available at: https://www.wotif.com/Enfield-Hotels-Comfort-Inn-Manhattan.h184779.Hotel-Information [Accessed 24 May 2017]. Www3.hilton.com. (2017). Adelaide Hotels | Hilton Adelaide | Adelaide, SA. [online] Available at: https://www3.hilton.com/en/hotels/south-australia/hilton-adelaide ADLHITW/index.html?WT.mc_id=zELWAKN0APAC1HI2DMH3LocalSearch4DGGenericx6ADLHITW [Accessed 24 May 2017].

Management Theories Organization or Business

Question: Discuss about theManagement Theoriesfor Organization or Business. Answer: Introduction. Management theory refers to set guidelines on how an organization or business can be managed. Management theory explains how an organization management can use various principles to assist in the accomplishment of the set goals and various ways of motivating employees for improved work standards. There are several theories of management, and this task will focus on three historical theories of management which are: a scientific theory of management, bureaucratic management theory and human relation theory of management. The main focus is on the scientific theory and how it compares with other two theories of management (Miller, 2011, p.152). Scientific Management Theory. Scientific management theory was founded by Frederick W. Taylor. Taylor was an engineer and an American Inventor. He had two significant works which were shop management in 1903 and the scientific management principles in 1911. Taylor worked in a steel industry in the early years of his career where he observed inefficiencies among the steel workers whom he came in contact with. This triggered his interest in improving the workers' productivity. He discovered that scientific methods would help improve the workers' productivity greatly. Scientific methods of management emphasized on the performance of tasks to the optimum and making the jobs easier such that training would help the workers perform the tasks they specialized into the best. Before scientific management, skilled artisans were hired to perform the work. They had the freedom to decide how to perform the tasks assigned to them. Scientific management changed this established system of work performance and introduced that ski lled crafts could be converted into easier jobs which unskilled workers would perform after undertaking training (Pike, 2013, p.247). During his work in the steel industry, Frederick Taylor observed that workers operated below their capacity on purpose a phenomenon referred to as soldiering, which he attributed to the following three causes. Workers believe that they would lose their jobs if they increased their productivity since the jobs would become eliminated causing only a few of them to remain in the jobs. Lack of incentives encourages decreased productivity if the workers will be paid at the same wage rate despite how much is produced making an assumption that the worker will make the employer believe that the slow pace is the one required for a given task. Employees avoid working at a faster pace since they fear it will become the set standard. Much effort of employees was wasted due to reliance on the rule-of-thumb methods instead of work methods that are optimal which can be determined by the study of the task scientifically. To solve the challenge of soldering and to increase efficiency, Taylor conducted experiments to establish the performance level which was best for different jobs and the necessary requirements to attain this performance. He came up with the following four principles of scientific management. Replacement of rule- of -thumb methods of work with those methods whose basis is studying the task in a scientific way. Developing, training and selecting each employee scientifically rather than leaving them to train themselves passively. Cooperate with the employees to make sure that the methods of work developed scientifically are being adhered to. Sharing the work almost equally between the employees and managers, such that the managers can plan the work using the principles of scientific management and the performance of the task can be done by the workers. Although scientific principles of management increased productivity, they had some drawbacks. Work monotony was increased, and job dimensions which were crucial such as task identity, skill variety and task significance were lacking. In many cases, the workers accepted the new ways of work although in some cases they were not acceptable. Despite these drawbacks, scientific management helped in changing the way tasks were performed and its principles are applicable even today (Rosenbern, 2016, p.11). Bureaucratic Management Theory. Bureaucratic management refers to an organization system which is formal and whose basis is roles and hierarchical levels which are defined clearly with the aim of maintaining effectiveness and efficiency. Max Weber was the founder of bureaucratic management theory whose main focus is establishing lines of authority and control which are strong by using hierarchies to divide organizations. The following are the characteristics of bureaucracy according to Max Weber. Activities which are regular are in a fixed way distributed as official duties. The ability to give commands necessary for the discharge of these tasks is in a stable way distributed and is controlled by rules which may be placed at the official's disposal. Trained employees are required for the performance of these duties hence only workers with the required skills can be hired. Bureaucratic management theory compares and contrasts in several ways with the scientific management theory. The similarity is that they belong to the early classical school of thought and they aim to increase managerial efficiency by defining organization structure and management. However, the contrast occurs because the bureaucratic management theory focuses on formal processes, specialization, and hierarchy while scientific management theory emphasizes efficiency and improvements of work methods (Gassman, 2016, p.56). Human relations theory. This theory was founded by Elton Mayo in the 1930s. He was an American sociologist, and he discovered that the human factor in the places of work was neglected in the classical theories of management. To prove the importance of employees in an organization, he began his experiments widely known as the Hawthorne studies. He identified that workers prefer being part of a supportive team that contributes to growth and development which motivate them to increase their productivity which results in high quality of work. He identified the following principles of human relation approach; Human beings need appreciation and recognition apart from financial gains Employees are human beings and hence should not be treated like machines. Managers are supposed to consider the emotions and feelings of employees. Informal relations are important in organization hence they should be encouraged by the managers. Job satisfaction and job security should be given to workers by the management. Conflicts and misunderstanding should be avoided at all costs in an organization. The scientific management theory and human relations theory are similar in that they both focused on the best way to bring productivity in the organizations. The two theories contrast in certain ways. Scientific theory view employees as work machines and incentives can be used as a motivation for improved productivity while human relations theory emphasizes that other factors rather than financial gains are necessary so as to motivate employees to improve their productivity. Another contrast is that scientific theory belongs to the early classical school of thought while human relation theory belongs to the neoclassical school of thought. The Significance of the Theories in Organizations. Management theories are very relevant in the organizations today. Most principles and guidelines used in the workplaces borrow richly from these theories. Bureaucratic theory of management which focused on hierarchy and formal processes has helped in the easier administration of organizations since the management is structured such that there is a chain of command from the top management to the bottom. The employees can report any issue to their supervisor who forwards it to the top management hence any problem that may arise is easily detected. The scientific theory of management has been responsible for constant improvements in organizations. It has led to good job definitions, improved business operations and application of just in time manufacturing which has led to efficiency in the workplace. Human relations theory has contributed greatly to the improvement of organizations in that employees are viewed as important assets in the organization. They are offered favorable working conditions such as leaves, bonuses, and opportunities to improve their skills among others. These factors motivate workers which lead to improved work performance which contributes positively to the organization (Manmood, 2012, P.648.). Many organizations have benefited from the application of the management theories. Two such organizations are The British Airways and California State University. In 1981, British Airways engaged a new chairperson who helped restructure the company. Before then the company was running in an inefficient way, and valuable resources were being wasted. The chairperson introduced a chain of command such that the supervisor would monitor the employees work. Training was also significant to improve the skills of the workers. Employees welfare was considered, and they were motivated in other ways rather than incentives. This application of the theories of management led to tremendous growth of the organization. In the California state university, they were having a challenge with their IT system. The system change which normally happens on the main campus has to pass through its 23 satellite campuses where it serves many students and employees. This made the university management to institut e a change system which is automated so as to make automatic changes to the whole system. This made them apply human factor and structure the organization such that the roles of employees were defined to minimize confusion. This has led to work efficiency in the university since the IT system can easily be coordinated. From the above, this paper arrives at the conclusion that management theories have contributed greatly to improve the work performance of organizations which has led to increased growth. The organizations are well structured for better management and employees are viewed as important assets in any organization. References. Anheier, H.K., 2014.Non-profit Organizations: Theory, Management, Policy. Routledge. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice: Kogan Page Publishers Chokar, J.S., 2013.Culture and leadership across the world: Routledge. Gassman, O. 2016.Exploring the role of popular management theories. (pp.47-76). Springer International Publishing. George, G. 2015.Expanding context to redefine theories: Africa in management research. Public management review, 11(01). Manhood, Z., Basharat, M., 2012.Review of classical management theories. International of social sciences and education, 2(1).pp. 512-5120. Miller, K.D. 2011.Testing management theories: Critical realist philosophy and research methods. Strategic management journal, 32(2) pp.139-158. Myers, M.D. 2013. Qualitative research in business and management. Sage. Pike, S.D., 2013.Destinations, marketing, and management. Theories and application. Tourism Management, 3(4), pp.247-248. Robbins, S. and Coulter, M., 2012. Management. Rosenbern, J., and Ferlie.E.2016.Applying strategic management theories in public sector organizations: Developing a typology. Public management review, 18(1), pp.1-19. Van, D. 2015. Performance management in the public sector. Routledge.